• GIF:
• Raw unicode codepoints in-file: 🇺🇸
• HTML unicode codepoints: 🇺🇸

• UTF-8: %F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%B8
• JSON: \uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF8 (surrogate pair encoding)
• Punycode: xn--y77h xn--w77h individually, xn--w77hd together

$ character region US
🇺🇸